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Title
River Flood Detection Using Passive Microwave Remote Sensing in a Data-Scarce Environment: A Case Study for Two River Basins in Malawi |
Full text
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:624d5a9d-1bc9-4e34-bdc2-eaaae9c64074 |
Date
2021 |
Author(s)
Mokkenstorm, Lone C. (author); van den Homberg, Marc J.C. (author); Winsemius, H.C. (author); Persson, Andreas (author) |
Abstract
Detecting and forecasting riverine floods is of paramount importance for adequate disaster risk management and humanitarian response. However, this is challenging in data-scarce and ungauged river basins in developing countries. Satellite remote sensing data offers a cost-effective, low-maintenance alternative to the limited in-situ data when training, parametrizing and operating flood models. Utilizing the signal difference between a measurement (M) and a dry calibration (C) location in Passive Microwave Remote Sensing (PMRS), the resulting r<sub>cm</sub> index simulates river discharge in the measurement pixel. Whilst this has been demonstrated for several river basins, it is as of yet unknown at what ratio of the spatial scales of the river width vs. the PMRS pixel resolution it remains effective in East-Africa. This study investigates whether PMRS imagery at 37GHz can be effectively used for flood preparedness in two small-scale basins in Malawi, the Shire and North Rukuru river basins. Two indices were studied: The m index (r<sub>cm</sub> expressed as a magnitude relative to the average flow) and a new index that uses an additional wet calibration cell: r<sub>cmc</sub>. Furthermore, the results of both indices were benchmarked against discharge estimates from the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS). The results show that the indices have a similar seasonality as the observed discharge. For the Shire River, r<sub>cmc</sub> had a stronger correlation with discharge (ρ = 0.548) than m (ρ = 0.476), and the former predicts discharge more accurately (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.369) than the latter (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.245). In Karonga, the indices performed similarly. The indices do not perform well in detecting individual flood events when comparing the signal to a flood impact database. However, these results are sensitive to the threshold used and the impact database quality. The method presented simulated Shire River discharge and detected floods more accurately than GloFAS. It therefore shows potential for river monitoring in data-scarce areas, especially for rivers of a similar or larger spatial scale than the Shire River. Upstream pixels could not directly be used to forecast floods occurring downstream in these specific basins, as the time lag between discharge peaks did not provide sufficient warning time. - Water Resources |
Subject(s)
disaster risk; early warning; flood modeling; malawi; physical geography; remote sensing; riverine floods |
Language
en |
Relation
http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85110761432&partnerID=8YFLogxK; Frontiers in earth science--2296-6463--9889ff20-d7fd-44c5-a861-f560199d1243 |
Type of publication
journal article |
Rights
2021 Lone C. Mokkenstorm, Marc J.C. van den Homberg, H.C. Winsemius, Andreas Persson |
Identifier
doi:10.3389/feart.2021.670997 |
Repository
Delft - Technische Universiteit Delft
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Added to C-A: 2021-08-12;08:04:51 |
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