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Title
Assessing Potential Benefits and Harms of Financial Incentives for Vulnerable Populations at Risk of Gender-Based Violence |
Full text
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9tx632hh |
Date
2023 |
Author(s)
Hemono, Rebecca |
Contributor(s)
McCoy, Sandra I |
Abstract
Financial incentives are increasingly used to improve the health of vulnerable populations in the context of HIV in resource-constrained settings; however, little is known about their effect on gender-based violence (GBV) among intervention beneficiaries. My dissertation explores how cash transfers and lotteries, two distinct types of financial incentive interventions, affect GBV among women living with HIV and female sex workers, two groups who experience heightened risks of violence compared to the general population. I conducted three studies among vulnerable women in Tanzania: 1) a qualitative study among partnered women living with HIV who received cash transfers through phase 1 of a two-phase randomized trial aiming to improve viral suppression among people living with HIV; I assessed perceptions of financial incentives and whether and how they affect relationship dynamics and intimate partner violence (IPV); 2) an intent-to-treat analysis using data from phase 2 of the randomized trial to estimate the impact of cash transfers on IPV among partnered women living with HIV; and 3) an intent-to-treat analysis using data from RESPECT II, a randomized trial assessing the effect of a lottery-based incentive intervention on HIV/HSV2 incidence, to determine the effect of the lottery, if any, on GBV. Chapter 1 revealed that cash transfers of $5 or $10 USD were not substantial enough to shift relationship dynamics and did not increase physical or sexual IPV, however controlling behaviors/emotional violence were exacerbated for some partnered women living with HIV. Chapter 2 demonstrated that cash transfers of $10 USD did not significantly alter risks of IPV among partnered women living with HIV. Chapter 3 found that the lottery-based incentive intervention did not significantly affect the prevalence of GBV, including non-partner violence and IPV, among female sex workers. Together, these findings suggest these types of financial incentive interventions, which are designed as small motivational nudges rather than larger social protection or poverty alleviation schemes, do not significantly change the risk of violence for women living with HIV and female sex workers when provided in the context of HIV care. However, interventions must be designed and implemented with caution and should include continuous consultations with local female beneficiaries to ensure that incentives do not pose unintended harms or adverse effects. |
Subject(s)
Epidemiology; female sex workers; gender-based violence; HIV |
Language
en |
Publisher
eScholarship, University of California |
Type of publication
etd |
Rights
public |
Identifier
qt9tx632hh |
Repository
Berkeley - University of California
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Added to C-A: 2024-10-02;09:55:28 |
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